For this task I have been asked to write and in-depth evaluation of my final outcome, including strengths, weaknesses and what I would change for the future.

Overall I am extremely happy with the outcome of this unit, and am really pleased with how I developed my designs to ensure they were perfect for the performance.

Both me, and my performer were extremely happy with how the makeup looked and lasted during performances, underneath the stage lighting.

Strengths:

One of my favourite aspects of my finished look is the white mascara.

I think adding this detail in to my final design was a great choice, as it really helped the eye stand out.

I am also extremely happy with how the eyebrows looked in my final outcome.

Not only did I have to create the shape myself as my client has minimal brow hair, but I also chose to make the eyebrows brighter than in the trial, to help the bows to stand out over her glasses.

In this look, I made the red base much more pale than in the trial run.

This was to help ensure the black eye and detailing really stood out under the lights, as using the darker red seemed to make it look less dramatic underneath the lights.

I’m also really happy with how the hair turned out, even though I created a simple style I think it was very effective.

I used a mixture of mousse and gel to help ensure the hair stayed out of her face white performing, and I think the overall finish worked really well with the makeup.

I also think that the overall look, including hair and makeup, represented my character really well.

Weaknesses:

Firstly, on this occasion the base on the left side of the face seemed to go slightly patchy under the eye and around the mouth.

I did use a different product to prepare the skin, so I think this may be what caused this to happen.

However, My client was wearing glasses for the performance so luckily the slight patchiness around the eye was hidden by them.

For this reason, I didn’t want to try to hard to cover the patches and end up causing lots of product build-up on her glasses, therefore we just ensured it all blended in togther.

I also wish that the contouring was brighter in this look, like in my second practice.

After these photos were taken, we decided to bring the paint further down the neck, to meet her choker.

We chose not to paint the whole of her chest, to further emphasise the masking idea I was trying to convey.

Here are references to all of the websites that I visited during my research, that helped inspire my work, using the Harvard referencing method.

Task 1 :

Aact.org. n.d. Stage Manager | AACT. [online] Available at: <https://aact.org/stage-manager>&nbsp;

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Abelson, J., 2015. 5 Tips to Becoming a Great Stage Manager – Artzray. [online] Artzray. Available at: <http://artzray.com/5-tips-to-becoming-a-great-stage-manager/>

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Getintotheatre.org. 2019. What Does A Theatre Stage Manager Do? | Theatre Job Profile, Description & Specification. [online] Available at: <https://getintotheatre.org/blog/what-does-a-stage-manager-do-theatre>

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Gradireland.com. n.d. [online] Available at: <https://gradireland.com/careers-advice/job-descriptions/stage-manager-theatre#:~:text=Stage%20managers%20are%20responsible%20for,place%20at%20the%20right%20time.>

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IMDb. n.d. David M. Rosenthal – IMDb. [online] Available at: <https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1270033/>

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Master class. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-a-film-hairstylist-how-to-become-a-hairstylist-for-movies-and-tv>

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Masterclass. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-a-movie-director-the-responsibilities-of-a-film-director-and-tips-on-directing-actors>&nbsp;

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Masterclass. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-a-film-makeup-artist-the-role-of-makeup-artists-on-film-and-television-productions>&nbsp;

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Pospects. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://www.prospects.ac.uk/job-profiles/theatre-stage-manage>

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Recruiting Resources: How to Recruit and Hire Better. n.d. Movie Makeup Artist job description. [online] Available at: <https://resources.workable.com/movie-makeup-artist-job-description#:~:text=Movie%20Makeup%20Artist%20responsibilities%20include%20designing%20each%20character’s%20look%2C%20applying,to%20create%20special%20makeup%20effects.&text=Ultimately%2C%20you%20will%20ensure%20our,brings%20their%20characters%20to%20life>&nbsp;

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ScreenSkills. n.d. [online] Available at: <https://www.screenskills.com/starting-your-career/job-profiles/film-and-tv-drama/craft/hair-and-make-up-designer/>&nbsp;

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ScreenSkills. n.d. [online] Available at: <https://www.screenskills.com/starting-your-career/job-profiles/film-and-tv-drama/development-film-and-tv-drama-job-profiles/director/#:~:text=Directors%20are%20the%20creative%20leads,in%20charge%20of%20a%20production>&nbsp;

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Task 2

AGM, C., Parents/Guardians, C., Classes, R., Due, H. and TBC), H. Performance Makeup & Hair. [online] Celtic Ceilidh Dance Academy. Available at: <https://celticceilidhdance.com/dance-resources/other-dance-resources/performance-makeup-hair/>&nbsp;

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Apple Support. 2021. Watch movies, TV shows, and live content in the Apple TV app. [online]Available at: <https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT207254>

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BBC Bitesize. Music and sound – Theatre design – GCSE Drama Revision – BBC Bitesize. [online] Available at: <https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z39x34j/revision/5>

 [Accessed 11 October 2021].

BBC Bitesize. The purpose of lighting design – Lighting design – Edexcel – GCSE Drama Revision – Edexcel – BBC Bitesize. [online] Available at: <https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zhg7kmn/revision/1>&nbsp;

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

BBC Bitesize. The purpose of set design – Set design – Edexcel – GCSE Drama Revision – Edexcel – BBC Bitesize. [online] Available at: <https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zjp4vk7/revision/1>

 [Accessed 12 October 2021].

Blankenship, T., 2019. [online] Available at: <https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/cinematography-tip-pre-lighting-shoot/>&nbsp;

[Accessed 11 October 2021].

Chilton, C., 2019. 41 Photos From the Set of ‘Friends’ You’ve Never Seen Before. [online] Marie Claire. Available at: <https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/g28773705/friends-set-behind-the-scenes-photos/&gt;

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

College Film & Media Studies. FILM SOUND AND MUSIC. [online] Available at: <https://collegefilmandmediastudies.com/film-sound-and-music/>

 [Accessed 12 October 2021].

Davis, B. [online] Available at: <https://www.mvorganizing.org/how-does-makeup-contribute-to-the-actors-performance/&gt;

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

Douglas, S., 2020. Theatre on the brink: lending a helping hand to the arts. [online] Campaignlive.co.uk. Available at: <https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/theatre-brink-lending-helping-hand-arts/1688198> 

[Accessed 11 October 2021].

Filmreference.com. 2021. Makeup – actor, film, director, cinema. [online] Available at: <http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Independent-Film-Road-Movies/Makeup.html>&nbsp;

[Accessed 11 October 2021].

Hellerman, J., 2019. Types of Film Lights (and How to Use Them). [online] No Film School. Available at: <https://nofilmschool.com/types-of-film-lights>

 [Accessed 11 October 2021].

Illuminated Integration. 2020. Sound Design for Theatre – Illuminated Integration. [online] Available at: <https://illuminated-integration.com/blog/sound-design-for-theatre/>&nbsp;

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

Lockwood, L., 2012. How To Do Television Makeup. [online] Secret Model Beauty. Available at: <https://secretmodelbeauty.com/blog/how-to-do-television-makeup>

 [Accessed 12 October 2021].

Mack Sennett Studios. 2021. How Lighting Affects Mood in Film – Mack Sennett Studios. [online] Available at: <https://macksennettstudios.net/how-lighting-affects-mood-in-film/>

 [Accessed 12 October 2021].

Makeup, C., 2014. [online] Youtube.com. Available at: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0pKhb4u68U>&nbsp;

[Accessed 11 October 2021].

Masterclass. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://www.masterclass.com/articles/diegetic-sound-and-non-diegetic-sound-whats-the-difference>

 [Accessed 11 October 2021].

Masterclass. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://www.masterclass.com/articles/learn-about-the-role-of-set-pieces-in-screenwriting&gt;

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

Maher, M., 2015. Understanding Set Lighting and Color Temperature. [online] The Beat: A Blog by PremiumBeat. Available at: <https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/understanding-set-lighting-and-color-temperature/&gt;

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

Motsd.org. 2021. MOHS Video Production (TV 1). [online] Available at: <https://www.motsd.org/mohs/departments/motv.php?Video%20Production-2>

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

Nast, C., 2016. 12 Actors Who Were Transformed by Intense Movie Makeup. [online] Vanity Fair. Available at: <https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/photos/2016/07/actors-movie-makeup>&nbsp;

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

Park, W., 2015. The secret sounds in movies and TV. [online] Bbc.com. Available at: <https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20150616-the-secret-sounds-in-movies-and-tv>&nbsp;

[Accessed 11 October 2021].

Pavlov, A.. Sound design: how sound helps tell your visual stories. [online] Videomaker. Available at: <https://www.videomaker.com/article/f04/19052-sound-design-how-sound-helps-tell-your-visual-stories/>

 [Accessed 11 October 2021].

Pinterest. Theatre Set Design | Set design theatre, Stage set design, Scenic design. [online] Available at: <https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/112308584437535143/>&nbsp;

[Accessed 11 October 2021].

Ramsey, C., 2017. Helsinki City Theatre sound designer praises new immersive Meyer Sound system. [online] Audio Media International. Available at: <https://audiomediainternational.com/helsinki-city-theatre-sound-designer-praises-new-immersive-meyer-sound-system/>

 [Accessed 11 October 2021].

Seguin, S., 2020. The Differences Between Film and Stage Makeup – QC Makeup Academy. [online] QC Makeup Academy. Available at: <https://www.qcmakeupacademy.com/2020/05/the-differences-between-film-and-stage-makeup/>&nbsp;

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

Scott, J., 2020. Practical Effects in Film — How Filmmakers Do It For Real. [online] StudioBinder. Available at: <https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-are-practical-effects-movies/>

 [Accessed 11 October 2021].

Sebastian, M., 2014. Grey’s and brown’s give me the blues! | IMC Outdoor Living. [online] Imcoutdoorliving.com. Available at: <https://imcoutdoorliving.com/greys-and-browns-give-me-the-blues>

 [Accessed 11 October 2021].

Shaw, D., 2017. Sound for the pictures: an introduction to recording sound for films. [online] Happy Mag. Available at: <https://happymag.tv/sound-for-the-pictures-an-introduction-to-recording-sound-for-films/>&nbsp;

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

Silvers, I., 2017. 9 TV characters with insanely perfect hair. [online] Cosmopolitan. Available at: <https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/entertainment/a9532872/best-tv-hair/>&nbsp;

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

Sweet, S., 2021. Film Set Design ⋆ Movie Prop Rentals. [online] Movie Prop Rentals. Available at: <https://movieproprentals.net/set-design/film-set-design/>&nbsp;

[Accessed 12 October 2021].

Vaux, R., 2017. Makeup & Costumes in Movie Production. [online] Our Pastimes. Available at: <https://ourpastimes.com/makeup-costumes-in-movie-production-12157365.html>

 [Accessed 11 October 2021].

Yard, T., 2017. How Lighting is Used in Theatre. [online] The Light Yard. Available at: <https://thelightyard.com/blogs/the-blog-of-light/how-lighting-is-used-in-theatre>

 [Accessed 11 October 2021].

For this task I have been asked to write and in-depth evaluation of one of my assessments, including strengths, weaknesses and what I would change for the future.

I have chosen to write about my first assessment for this task.

Makeup

Strengths:

To begin, I am very pleased with how the base makeup turned out. After mixing the perfect colour on my palette, I applied the foundation with a large flat brush and then used a damp beauty blender to blend it over the face and neck. This created a really smooth and even finish, that I am very happy with.

I also think the highlights and shading turned out very well in this makeup. Once again, I mixed the perfect colour on my palette and then applied the colour with a dense brush. Then I blended this even more in to the foundation with a beauty blender.

Furthermore, I really like the finish of the lips, however i do wish that i had over lined them just slightly more.

Weaknesses:

I am not overly impressed with the eye makeup in this look, when comparing it to the makeup on my second assesment.

The first thing I would change is the eye brows. I am really pleased with the shape but think I could have used a slightly lighter colour to fill them in, or just used less pressure when applying the product.

I also think that I could have feathered them out towards the inside, just a little more – to make them look a bit more natural.

I am not totally unhappy with the eye shadow, however I do think the liner on the lower lid is slightly uneven so will have to ensure that I am very precise with this in the future.

Hair

Strengths:

Overall, I am extremely impressed with the finish of this hair style, and how well it lasted throughout the performance.

I think that i slicked all the hair back very nicely, and love how the plaited bun looked.

Weaknesses:

However, I do think if I did this again I would add a stronger setting product, such as mousse, as by the end of the performance some of the fly away’s had lifted back up from the hair spray.

I would also add some more grips just to give that extra security.

For this task, I have been asked to document and evaluate all of my practical outcomes – from first attempts, to my final assessments.

Each outcome also includes a small evaluation.

First attempt – 22/09/2021

Above, are some photos from my first ever attempt at stage makeup. Overall I was extremely impressed with how this turned out (especially considering it was my first ever attempt!)

I am very pleased with how the eyes look, and I love the lip colour.

However, just by looking at the photos above, you can clearly see that I did not blend the foundation down the neck, making the overall finish look extremely unnatural.

Therefore, next time I must ensure I blend the foundation all around the face and neck area.

Second attempt – 29/09/2021

The photos above are from my second attempt at stage makeup.

Here you can see that I did blend the foundation further down the neck than before, however, because I didn’t bring it right down to the clothing line it still makes the face look very unnatural.

However, I am really impressed with how well the over lining of the lips turned out. I am also really pleased with how the base and contour turned out, and I love how the pop of colour looks on the eyes.

Third attempt – 13/10/2021

Here is a photo from my third practice of stage makeup.

Unfortunately I never got to finish this look as my client had to leave early – due to feeling unwell.

However, I am very pleased with how everything went to begin with. I love how the eye shadow and liner turned out, and was really pleased with the shape of the brows.

I had only just started on the base before she had to leave, which is why there are no lighter areas, but I am still impressed with where I got up to, and think it would have looked great when completed.

After my client left, I made the most of the rest of the lesson my practising the hair style that I would be completing for show day.

Above are the photos of the first plaited bun that I created on my head block.

I am very impressed with the finished results, I just need to ensure I use more setting products on my performer on show day – in order to effectively tame fly-away’s.

Performer trial run – 15/10/2021

Above are the photos from my hair and makeup trial, with my performer.

Overall I am very please with how this look came together, however I think I could have blended the foundation further down the neck, and hair line.

It was on this occasion, that the director made us aware of the theatre size and asked us to tone down the makeup (this is explained fully in my makeup design process section/Task 3). She also asked that all performers wear red lipstick.

Therefore, I need to make sure that the contour is more seamlessly blended for next weeks performance, and also must remember to use red on her lips.

I was also extremely impressed with how her hair turned out.

Assessment 1 – 18/10/21

Above are the photos from my first assessment.

As you can see in the photos, I followed the directors instruction, by ensuring my performer was rearing red on her lips. I also blended the contour more, creating a more subtle line along the cheek bones.

Overall I am really happy with the finished look , however I do still think the makeup could be blended further in to the hair line. I also think I could make the brows lighter for tomorrow’s show.

I am also really happy with how the hair styles turned out, and more importantly how well they lasted throughout both shows.

Assessment 2 – 19/10/2021

Here are the photos from my second assesment.

I am much happier with this makeup, than the makeup in my first assessment.

Not only did I, once again, meet the directors instruction of a toned down stage makeup, but I blended the foundation seamlessly down the neck and in to the hair line.

I am also much happier with the eye and eye brow makeup from this assessment.

Further more, I impressed myself with how well hear hair and makeup lasted throughout the performances.

For this task, I have been asked to create a video tutorial, on how to apply a basic stage makeup. This video may be followed by my performer, if for any reason I can not make show day.

In this video, I demonstrate how to effectively create a basic female stage makeup, while explaining why each step is important, to ensure the viewer is aware of how important each step really is.

Even though it may look crazy from up close, stage makeup must be dark and dramatic. This is used to help accentuate the facial features, and create a defined, but flawless, finish from a distance. It is important this makeup looks good from a distance (and not up close) as an audience in a theatre is sat at a far distance from the performer, rather than an up close experience in the cinema, or at home on your tv.

(product list included in video description)

Written tutorial:

Step 1 – Before applying any makeup, it is important that you carry out a cleanse, tone and moisturise. This will help prepare your skin for the makeup process, and create a smooth, even base.

Step 2 – Personally, I prefer starting with the eyes. I find this helpful, as it prevents any fall out ,from eye products, ruining the base makeup. Starting with brows, the first step is to use a brow gel, to keep the eyebrow hairs in place. Then, using a dark brow pencil, the eyebrow should be outlined. The brows should be made to look ‘blocky,’ to ensure they stand out from a distance.

Step 3 – Next, a range of eye shadows should be used to create a dark,smokey eye. Shimmers can be placed in the centre of the eye lid, to help focus the eyes. Concealer should be applied before a liquid shimmer, and partrolium jelly (vaseline) should be applied before loose pigments, to ensure they stick well.

Step 4 – A liquid, or gel eyeliner should be used to create a dramatic winged liner, along the upper lash line, and eyelid. Once again, the liner should be much longer and thicker than the ‘every day’ makeup, to ensure it gives a dramatic effect from a distance.

Step 5 – Once you have finished cleaning up the eyes, you can start on the face. The first step is foundation. For stage makeup, it is extremely important to use an oil based foundation, as this will prevent any smudging from sweating. It is also important to use a shade that is 2-4 shades darker that the natural skin tone. This is to prevent your skin from looking washed out under the bright stage lights.

Step 6 – Contouring should be very dramatised for stage makeup. Clean, harsh lines are used to help accentuate features such as the nose and cheekbones, creating the defined look (from a distance).

Step 7 – Cream blush should also be used in a female stage makeup. This helps
exaggerate the femininity of a character.

Step 8 – To eliminate an oily finish, all of the previous face makeup stages should now be set with powders. Powdered bronzer is used to set the contour, powdered blush is used to brighten the blush, and translucent powder should be applied anywhere else, to help set and lighten the rest of the face.

Step 9 – Now the face is almost done, we can go back to the eye makeup. A white pencil liner should be used below the lower lash line (along the lower eye lid) to open the eyes back up, and create a ‘doll like’ finish. Black pencil should then be applied under this to create the illusion of a lower lash line. This helps the eyes appear bigger from a distance.

Step 10 – To finish the eye makeup, mascara should be applied to the top and bottom lashes. False eye lashes can be applied but some performers may find it uncomfortable to wear them throughout a whole show.

Step 11 – To complete the look, lipstick is used to draw attention to another main facial feature. Red is the most common colour used in basic stage makeup, as it gives a dramatic effect, and once again, can be clearly seen from a distance. However, before applying the lipstick, lip liner should be used to slightly over line the lips, this helps them to appear bigger, and also prevents lip stick/gloss colour bleeding.

Step 12 – To finish the face, a small amount of highlight should be added to the cheekbones, temples, nose bridge and cupids bow. The highlighter helps to reflect lights, and add dimension to the face, but is it important not to over do it as this could make the face appear oily.

Step 13 – Finally, setting prat should be used to help lock all of the products in place, and prevent any smudging or fading over show time.

Removal:

Because we used an oil based foundation, a simple cleanse tone and moisturise will not remove the makeup on its own.

Firstly, makeup wipes should be used to remove the majority of the makeup. A gentle pushing motion should be used, working from the outside of the face, in to the centre. This motion prevents any dark lines or patches being left around the outside of the face (along the hair and jaw line).

Next, a cleanser should be used to remove the remaining makeup. Depending on the amount of product left on the skin, you may need to repeat this step 2-3 times.

An eye makeup remover may need to be used to ensure all of the eye makeup is fully removed. Eye liners and mascaras can sometimes be tricky to remove with basic cleansers, as they are often water-proof.

After the skin is cleansed, a toner should be used to tighten the pores back up, giving the skin a refreshed look, and maintaining healthy skin.

Finally, moisturiser should be used to lock all of these products in to the skin, and leave the skin feeling fresh.

For this task, I have been asked to show the process of creating my hair and makeup designs, from the first basic plan, to my developed final idea.

Makeup designs

Initial design – basic stage makeup

As shown of this face template, stage makeup consists of dark colours, and dramatic highlighting and contour. This helps to accentuate certain features, and make it easier for an audience to interpret a characters personality from a distance.

Here, I have created a face chart of a very basic stage makeup, and have annotated it to explain why each product is used in the way that it is.

To develop my ideas, I will be discussing factors, such as lighting and costume, with the performer I am working with, so I can create a more personal design.

Developed design (1)

Here is my first developed face chart. In this design, I built upon the initial design by changing some colours to make it ore personal to my performer.

This design is very similar to the initial design, however I have changed the colours on the eyes, to more red-toned browns, and have added a lighter shimmer to the lid.

I also added a ‘beauty spot’ on to this design.

Developed design (2)

Here is another developed idea.

In this face chart, I explore how brighter colours, such as blues and pinks, can be co-operated in to a theatre makeup design.

Neutral colours are often favoured in theatre as you can easily create depth and definition with colours such as brown and black – and they are dark so can easily be seen from a distance.

However, as explained in my annotations, as long as darker shades of these colours are used to shade and highlight the needed areas, using bright colours can be beneficial, especially when trying to convey a characters personality.

Final design

After many discussions with my performer and the show’s director, this is the final design I created.

When talking with the performer I discovered this performance didn’t have a specific story line, or any overly characterised actors, but rather was an event for each performer to show case their individual talents. This also meant that they performers had no certain costumes, they were just wearing black outfits.

Because of this, and the fact that the performance is in a smaller theatre (where the audience is very close to the stage), rather than a large auditorium, the director asked us to create a more natural theatre makeup. She asked for the key elements ( a dark base, defined lips and dramatic eyes) to still be included, but wanted the contour and highlighting to be more toned down – as it would look silly for an audience that were so close to the action.

Although she asked for dramatic eye shadow, the director also asked for us to tone down the makeup under the eyes (to not have such thick liner underneath). Therefore, I created much thinner eye liner on the lower lid – but still included it to help ensure the eye makeup stood out, as my performer wears glasses.

Therefore, I created a design that still included very strong and defined eyes, bright red lips, and a dark base and contour. However, I blended the contour in to the base makeup more seamlessly, rather than having such sharp lines.

Hair designs:

Hair design (1)

Here is a reference photo for one of the designs I think would be suitable for my performer.

This hair style is created by placing the hair in a pony tail, then creating 3 braids within the pony tail and twisting them around each other.

A bun would be perfect for my performer as it would help keep the hair put of her face while preforming – a bun is usually the first choice for dancers because of this reason.

Hair design (2)

Here is another reference photo, of a second hair style that i think would be great for my performer.

I think a slick back pony tail would be great, as my performer doesn’t do much dancing in the show – therefore would not need all of her hair fully tied back (in to a bun).

My performer also has long, thick hair, therefore a pony tail might be more suitable, as it would not be as heavy on her head – making it more comfortable for her and also making it less likely to fall out or loosen when performing.

For this task I have been asked to consider the factors that make up scenes in tv, cinema and theatre performances, and explain how this effects the audience’s perspectives. 

Cinema viewing is a very up close and personal experience. Many techniques are used to pull the audience into scenes and imagine themselves in the situation. 

Watching shows at home is a totally different experience to the cinema. In the comfort of your own home, many people have tv on for background noise. Therefore, the audience will not be paying as much attention to certain details. 

Theatre is a whole different world. Theatre performances are very dramatised, to keep the audience entertained. 

Below, I have created a table to compare these factors, and how they affect an audience’s perspectives. 

Factors	Cinema and film	Tv/home viewing	Theatre
Makeup	In a cinema performance, the audience can see the actors up close and personal. Therefore, makeup is used to smooth out skin inconsistencies and cover imperfections. Makeup in cinema is often used to create a natural, minimal –to- no makeup, makeup look. However, sometimes makeup can be used to completely manipulate and distort an actor’s appearance, using special effects to create characters, such as monsters and aliens. These effects may also be used to help convey specific features, like a witch’s nose. Most importantly, makeup is used to set the tone and personality for a character, making a character appear; rich, poor, kind, evil,young,old, or lifeless.	Makeup in Tv shows, watched on televisions, laptops, iPad etc can be vastly different to film and cinema. Makeup for drama tv shows is often much more ‘realistic.’  Makeup may be used to create impurities, rather than cover them, as tv shows are meant to feel much more like an everyday reality. In tv shows such as Emmerdale and Coronation Street, characters are made to look like ‘normal’ people that you would walk past on the street, so you can easily relate to them. Special effects may be used in tv, but rather than creating aliens and monsters, realistic wounds (cuts and bruises) will be made. However, reality tv programmes, such as Keeping up with the kardashians, or the real housewives of Beverly hills, make up is used to create a flawless, airbrushed finish. This helps to re-enforce their celebrity status.	Theatrical makeup is hugely different from film and tv. Makeup for a theatre performance is very harsh and dramatic. This is so that the audience can easily judge a character from a distance. Harsh lines and colours are used to help accentuate certain features, setting the tone for a character and their personality. Thick base products (oil based foundations) are used to create a dark and dramatic highlights and contouring- but also play a key role in preventing any smudging from sweat, during a long performance.Dark shadows are also used around the eye area to create depth, and help the eyes stand out amongst the dramatic base makeup. Dark blocky brows should be added to frame the face, and bright colours, such as reds and pinks are used to help accentuate the lips.
Hair	Hair is used to complete a makeup look. It is the final addition of the look that brings it to life. Hair is used to compliment a character and convey their personality.	Like film and cinema, hair is the finishing touch of a makeup look. However, rather than dramatic up-dos, and crazy colours, hair styles will be much more natural in tv shows. For Tv, hair can be made to look like it is in its natural state, straightened, curled or put up in a simple plait or ponytail. These are your everyday hair styles for a regular person, which is why they are used in tv- as is meant to be relatable.	Hair for theatre performers is usually quite simple. Performers will have their hair slicked back into buns, to prevent their hair getting in their faces during long performances. Usually, if the hair is down a head band will be securely placed, on the head, to pull the hair away from the face. Lots of setting products, such as hair spray and gels, are used to ensure longevity of the hair styles.
Set design	Set design is extremely important, as it sets the scene for anything that is about to happen. Not only does set design show the audience where the scene is taking place, and in what time period, but certain aspects may be used to foreshadow future events. Set design also helps to convey the characteristics and status of a certain characters.	Set design in Tv shows is used to covey where, or most importantly when something is happening. Many drama tv shows are set in the past, so it is key for the set design to match up with the time period. Tv shows are less likely to use real life locations, than a film crew. This is because a Tv show could be running for years at a time, whereas a film would only need temporary access to a location, Therefore, many Tv shows have their own personal set.	Set design for a theatre performance is vital. Un like film and tv, the backdrop of a theatre will be 2d. Therefore, it is extremely important that all key aspects, such as when and where, the performance is set are conveyed clearly. Signs and symbols should be used to develop these ideas, as there will be minimal props on stage to build on the idea. Props such as chairs, lamps and barrels may be used to support this.
Lighting	Lighting is an essential part of any production, as it shows the audience where they sound be looking. Lighting heavily effects the overall mood of a film, as it helps you understand a character’s mood and the setting. The colour, and intensity of lights has a significant impact on how an audience interoperates the mood of a scene, for example, cool, soft lighting is used to covey peaceful scenes, or overcast weather, whereas, harsh warm toned lighting is used to create tense scenes or convey sunny weather. The direction of a light source is also important, as it helps cast shadows and highlights. Techniques like this are particularity important in horror movies, as it helps create the illusion of something lurking in the background.	Much like film and cinema, lighting is key as it conveys the mood for a scene or character. Due to the nature of tv shows, and how they create a realistic setting, one of the most important roles of a light crew is creating weather. Lighting is a key aspect when delivering weather scenes. This also means lighting has a huge part in interpreting night and day.	Lighting in a theatre is extremely different from film and tv. Rather than different tones of lighting, theatre performances will used UV light filters to create different moods, for example, red could be used to portray evil, and blue to convey sadness. Bright white spotlights are also used to direct the audience’s attention to certain people or places. Light intensity is also used differently in theatre. Dimming and brightening of the lights has a vital role in setting a scene or foreshadowing an event that may be about to happen.
Sound	Sound has a massive impact on how the audience perceives certain settings and characters. There are 2 main types of sound used in film and tv: diegetic, and non-diegetic. Diegetic sound is a sound that a character can hear of is aware of, which makes non-diegetic sound a sound that only the audience can hear (a sound added for dramatic effect). Sounds in films are used to absorb the audience into the film. Creating realistic sounds makes the audience imagine themselves in the same situation as the character they are watching, this helps to convey feelings and emotions to an audience. A films soundtrack, or musical score, is also used to help set the tone and manipulate emotions. Certain sounds can also be used to create dramatic effect .	Sound in tv, is much less dramatic than sound in film. One of the main reasons for this is due to sound systems. Household sound systems are vastly different from the surround sound in a cinema. Even a home surround sound system does not match the cinema quality. However, most people do not even have this, they just have the sound from the tv/laptop/iPad they are watching from. TV shows also use much less non-diegetic sound than film and cinema. This is because, as I have said previously, tv shows are made to be much more relatable than many films.	Sound effects are an extremely important for theatre performances. Rather than the realistic sounds in film and tv, theatre must use overly dramatic sound effects, to capture the audience. Almost every movement will have some form of sound effect, as the audience is too far away to hear the real sound created by an actor’s movement- so if there was no sound effect it would be nearly silent, and the audience would be confused! Sound effects such as doorbells, footsteps and gun shots will immediately alert the audience to what is happening in front of them or warn them of an event that is about to take place. Music is also heavily used in theatre performances, as it helps convey or foreshadow an action or feeling.

For my first task, I have been asked to research the roles of the makeup artist, hair stylist, stage manager and the director of a production team.

Makeup artist:

The makeup artist is responsible for manipulating a person’s appearance, using a range of products, to create a character. Makeup artists must consider lighting, hair, props, costumes, and characteristics/personality of a character, as well as the story/script itself. Without makeup, it would be difficult for an audience to read and understand a character.  

On a production team there are 4 types of makeup artist: key makeup artist, makeup artist, makeup artist’s assistants, and a special effects makeup artist. They key makeup artist is the head of the makeup team. They are responsible for designing character makeup, assigning Mua’s to actors, overseeing the makeup artists and working on main characters and complicated designs. A makeup artist’s job is to work on a range of cast members, support and work openly with the whole team, and execute the key makeup artist’s designs on the actors. A makeup artist’s assistant is there to organise the Mua’s kit and workspace, assist with application where needed, and photograph an Mua’s work, to ensure consistency throughout designs in the case of a re-take or touch up. And finally, a Special effects (SFX) makeup artist is there to apply or assist with prosthetic pieces, and create effects, such as cuts and bruising. 

Hair stylist: 

Hair stylists are responsible for creating hair styles to compliment a character’s style and personality. Like the Mua, a hair stylist has a lot of factors to consider when planning a design, such as lighting, props, costume, height and weight of design, length of hair, face shape, hair colour, time period in which the event is set, character personality, and much more. Hair stylists may also need to add extra steps into their routines, such as cutting and/or dyeing hair, applying wigs, and treating and/or shampooing hair. 

On a production team, you have a key hair stylist, and a hair stylist. The key stylist’s job is to oversee and supervise the work of the stylists, as well as creating and assigning designs. The stylist is responsible for executing these designs to the best ability, and then ensuring it is maintained to this standard the whole performance. 

Hair and makeup artists work alongside each other, before, during and after performances ensuring that their clients have the best results possible. Their job is to give advice on how to achieve and maintain healthy skin and hair, teach clients appropriate application and removal techniques, but most importantly create a hair and makeup look to the highest standard possible, therefore ensuring the actor looks and feels their best. They also must ensure they consistently maintain the hair and makeup throughout the production. 

Director:

A director’s job is to oversee all the creative aspects of a film or production. They must interoperate a script or musical score, in a practical but creative way, and then guide the actors and crew through the processes to bring this visualisation to life. Directors must select scenes, locations, lighting, and sounds to ensure the production goes as they visualised.  

Stage manager: 

A stage manager is the directors right-hand. They are responsible for communicating the directors’ visions and wishes to the crew, to ensure a smooth running of the production. The stage manager oversees all the departments work to make sure everything is how it should be. They support and organise all separate teams involved in creating a production. Stage managers are also responsible for scheduling and running rehearsals. 

Director and stage manager work directly alongside each other to clearly communicate orders to the cast and crew members. The stage director oversees the passing down a director’s visions to the different teams working on a set, so the vision can come to life on stage.